What do we call a change to the Constitution?

A change to the Constitution is referred to as an amendment. The term "amendment" specifically denotes an alteration that has been formally approved through the established constitutional processes. In the context of the U.S. Constitution, amendments require a substantial level of consensus—either by two-thirds of both houses of Congress or by a convention called for by two-thirds of state legislatures, followed by ratification from three-fourths of the states.

The other terms listed have different meanings. A provision is a general clause or section within a legal document, but it does not imply an alteration to the Constitution itself. A clause is a specific section within a document that contains a single, declarative statement. An article refers to a distinct section or division within the Constitution that often outlines broad categories of governance, such as the powers of different branches of government but does not itself signify a change. Thus, the term "amendment" is specific to the act of modifying the Constitution.